What does an uppercase S mean in unix file attributes?

tools

I wasted an hour this morning on this one, so maybe it is useful to somebody.

If you get something like drwxr-S-- when listing directories on a unixish system, the uppercase S means that the directory's setgid bit is set, but the execute bit isn't set.

It's been 20 years since I started with Unix - you never stop learning I guess!